fertifacts™ by Dr. Max Mülke

Methodology & sources

Last updated: 24 April 2026

This page explains how fertifacts™ arrives at the numbers you see on the results screen and in your research summary. Our goal is transparency: every figure is a pointer into published, peer-reviewed literature, national registry data, or current fertility-society guidance. The tool is a curated literature review, not a clinical assessment.

Important. fertifacts™ is a general-information educational product. It is not a medical device, not a diagnostic tool, and does not provide medical advice. Fertility is individual. Population statistics may not reflect your personal situation. Please discuss your specific circumstances with a licensed healthcare provider, ideally a reproductive endocrinologist.
What the tool does and does not do

How the numbers are produced

You enter your age and a few general lifestyle inputs. The displayed figures on the results screen and in the charts are pure age-based population statistics, pulled from published sources for four scenarios: natural conception probability within 12 months, per-cycle In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) live-birth rate, cumulative live-birth probability from a given number of frozen eggs, and per-cycle donor-egg live-birth rate. The lifestyle inputs you provide (BMI category, smoking status, cycle regularity, self-reported stress) do not shift the numbers shown on the charts. They are used only to personalize the written discussion in your research summary PDF, where we describe, in a decreases-only direction, how the peer-reviewed literature has associated those inputs with reduced fertility outcomes.

The tool does not measure ovarian reserve, anatomical factors, sperm quality, tubal patency, uterine receptivity, or any other individual-level factor that a clinician would assess. It does not diagnose infertility. It does not predict your personal outcome. It does not recommend treatment.

Section 1

Natural conception probability by age

Used on the "Natural conception" box and chart. The age-probability curve is compiled from multiple longitudinal and prospective cohort studies that measure the cumulative probability of pregnancy within 12 cycles of unprotected intercourse across adult age groups, cross-referenced with current fertility-society guidance.

Dunson DB, Baird DD, Colombo B (2004). Increased infertility with age in men and women. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 103(1): 51-56. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000100153.24061.45
Steiner AZ, Pritchard D, Stanczyk FZ, Kesner JS, Meadows JW, Herring AH, Baird DD (2017). Association between biomarkers of ovarian reserve and infertility among older women of reproductive age. JAMA, 318(14): 1367-1376. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.14588
Wesselink AK, Rothman KJ, Hatch EE, Mikkelsen EM, Sorensen HT, Wise LA (2017). Age and fecundability in a North American preconception cohort study (PRESTO). American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 217(6): 667.e1-667.e8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.09.002
NICE guideline NG257 (31 March 2026). Fertility problems: assessment and treatment. Replaces the prior CG156 (2013) guideline. nice.org.uk/guidance/ng257
ASRM practice committee (2022). Optimizing natural fertility: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility. asrm.org / optimizing-natural-fertility
ACOG committee opinion no. 773 (2019). The use of antimullerian hormone in women not seeking fertility care. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(4): e274-e278. acog.org / committee opinion 773
Section 2

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) live-birth rates

Used on the "In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)" box and chart. Live-birth rates per retrieval cycle are compiled from the two largest publicly available national registries and cross-referenced with current practice-committee guidance from the American and European fertility societies. We present rates as the probability of at least one live birth from a single retrieval cycle (cumulative across the fresh transfer and any subsequent frozen-embryo transfers linked to that retrieval).

Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART). National summary reports: Clinic outcomes. Most recent publicly available report used. sartcorsonline.com
Human Fertilisation & Embryology Authority (HFEA). Fertility treatment: trends and figures. Most recent publicly available report used. hfea.gov.uk / research and data
ASRM practice committee (2021). Evidence-based outcomes after oocyte cryopreservation for donor oocyte in vitro fertilization and planned oocyte cryopreservation: a guideline. Fertility and Sterility, 116(1): 36-47. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.02.024
ESHRE guideline group on ovarian stimulation (2025). ESHRE guideline: ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI. Supersedes the 2019 edition. eshre.eu / Ovarian-Stimulation-in-IVF-ICSI
Section 3

Egg freezing: cumulative live-birth probability

Used on the "Egg freezing" box and chart. The per-egg live-birth probability by age is taken from the largest published retrospective analysis of vitrified oocytes and cross-checked against US registry data. From the per-egg probability we compute the cumulative probability of at least one live birth when N eggs are thawed, using the formula 1 - (1 - p)N, where p is the age-specific per-egg live-birth probability. The chart shows this for N = 10, 15, 20, and 25 eggs. Recommended egg-target ranges are based on published guidance on the number of mature oocytes required for a reasonable probability of at least one live birth at a given age.

Cobo A, Garcia-Velasco J, Domingo J, Remohi J, Pellicer A (2021). Elective and onco-fertility preservation: factors related to IVF outcomes. Human Reproduction, 36(6): 1489-1499. doi:10.1093/humrep/deab071
Doyle JO, Richter KS, Lim J, Stillman RJ, Graham JR, Tucker MJ (2016). Successful elective and medically indicated oocyte vitrification and warming for autologous in vitro fertilization, with predicted birth probabilities for fertility preservation according to number of cryopreserved oocytes and age at retrieval. Fertility and Sterility, 105(2): 459-466.e2. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.10.026
ASRM practice committee (2021). Evidence-based outcomes after oocyte cryopreservation for donor oocyte in vitro fertilization and planned oocyte cryopreservation: a guideline. Fertility and Sterility, 116(1): 36-47. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.02.024
Section 4

Donor-egg cycle live-birth rate

Used on the "Donor eggs" comparison. Donor-egg live-birth rates are largely independent of the recipient's age and depend primarily on the donor's age and clinic practices. Our figures are compiled from SART registry donor-cycle outcome tables and cross-referenced with the most recent ASRM and ESHRE practice guidance.

Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART). National summary reports: Donor-egg cycle outcomes. Most recent publicly available report used. sartcorsonline.com
ASRM practice committee (2024). Gamete and embryo donation: guidance. Supersedes the 2013 recommendations for gamete and embryo donation. asrm.org / gamete-and-embryo-donation
Lifestyle context

How lifestyle inputs are used

The displayed percentages on the results page are not adjusted based on your lifestyle inputs. They are age-based cohort figures only. Your lifestyle answers (BMI category, smoking status, cycle regularity, self-reported stress) are used exclusively to personalize the written discussion in the research summary PDF. That discussion is decreases-only: it describes how the peer-reviewed literature has associated each factor with reduced fertility outcomes where the evidence supports it, and flags where the evidence is weaker. We do not report "boosts" from favorable inputs because the literature does not support reliable upward adjustments at an individual level. The sources below are what the written discussion draws on.

Body mass index (BMI) category

We use three broad categories (underweight, normal, overweight / obese). BMI at extremes (under 18.5, over 30) is associated with reduced fecundability and reduced IVF success in multiple large cohort studies.

Wise LA, Rothman KJ, Mikkelsen EM, Sorensen HT, Riis A, Hatch EE (2010). An internet-based prospective study of body size and time-to-pregnancy. Human Reproduction, 25(1): 253-264. doi:10.1093/humrep/dep360

Smoking status

Current smoking is associated with earlier menopause and reduced fecundability in multiple meta-analyses. Former smokers show intermediate risk that declines with time since quitting. The current ASRM committee opinion also discusses marijuana use alongside tobacco.

Practice committee of the ASRM (2023). Tobacco or marijuana use and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 121(4): 589-603 (published 2024). Supersedes the 2018 "Smoking and infertility" committee opinion. asrm.org / tobacco-or-marijuana-use

Menstrual cycle regularity

Irregular cycles are associated with reduced fecundability, largely through anovulatory cycles and conditions such as PCOS. The written discussion flags this where the user self-reports slightly irregular or clearly irregular cycles.

Self-reported stress level

The evidence base for stress as an independent fertility factor is mixed. High chronic stress has biological plausibility through HPA-axis effects on ovulation, but the causal effect size in healthy women is modest. The research summary flags this with appropriate caveats rather than assigning a quantitative adjustment.

Rooney KL, Domar AD (2018). The relationship between stress and infertility. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 20(1): 41-47. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2018.20.1/klrooney
The research summary

What the PDF contains

Your research summary is a personalized PDF that pulls together the age-based population figures relevant to your age bracket, plain-language explanations of what the cited studies report, a lifestyle section that discusses modifiable factors supported by peer-reviewed research (framed as reductions where the literature supports them), a supplement section that summarizes current evidence on commonly discussed ingredients (including where the evidence is weak), and a list of discussion points you may want to raise at your next doctor visit. The PDF is explicitly educational. It does not diagnose, prescribe, or predict an individual outcome.

Caveats

Limitations to be aware of

  • Population averages hide substantial individual variation. Your actual situation may differ meaningfully.
  • Registry data (SART, HFEA) lags by 2 to 3 years; the figures shown reflect the most recently published reports available to us.
  • The displayed percentages are age-based only. They do not incorporate your BMI, smoking status, cycle regularity, stress level, medical history, or any other individual-level factor.
  • The lifestyle discussion in the PDF is directional and literature-based. It is not a personal risk score.
  • We do not measure or infer medical factors such as ovarian reserve (AMH, AFC), tubal patency, endometriosis, or male-factor infertility. Only a clinician can assess these.
Using the results

How to use this information

Treat the numbers as a starting point for an informed conversation with a reproductive endocrinologist, not as a decision in themselves. If you are considering In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), egg freezing, or any fertility intervention, please consult a licensed clinician who can order appropriate tests and evaluate your full clinical picture.

Feedback

Questions or corrections

If you believe any of the cited figures are out of date or misrepresented, please write to hello@drmaxmulke.com. We review this methodology page periodically and welcome corrections from clinicians and researchers.

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